PCOS

PCOS: What Every Woman Should Know

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal condition where the ovaries (the organs responsible for producing eggs and reproductive hormones) become enlarged and develop numerous small cysts.

While the cysts on the ovaries are a characteristic feature of PCOS, not every woman with the condition will develop cysts. In fact, PCOS is diagnosed based on a combination of symptoms, and not all women will experience the same set of issues.

Despite being one of the leading causes of infertility, many women are unaware they have it until they experience difficulties with their menstrual cycle, fertility, or notice other associated symptoms.

Common Symptoms of PCOS

Irregular Periods
One of the most common signs of PCOS is irregular or missed periods. Women with PCOS may experience fewer periods, longer cycles, or even complete absence of menstruation.

Excess Male Hormones (Androgens)
May result in symptoms like:
Excess facial or body hair growth
Acne
Oily skin
Excessive hair loss

Ovarian Cysts
Ultrasound imaging often reveals cysts on the ovaries, but these cysts themselves typically do not cause pain.

Weight Gain
Women with PCOS often struggle with weight gain, particularly around the abdomen. Obesity can exacerbate other symptoms and increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes or heart disease.

Infertility
As PCOS interferes with regular ovulation, it is one of the leading causes of infertility in women. While not all women with PCOS will be infertile, it can make conception more challenging.

Ready to book an appointment?

If you suspect you have PCOS or are experiencing symptoms, consult a gynaecologist to discuss your options and create a treatment plan tailored to your needs.

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Causes of PCOS

Hormonal Imbalances
Women with PCOS often have elevated levels of male hormones (androgens), which can interfere with the normal development and release of eggs during ovulation.
Insulin resistance
Many women with PCOS experience insulin resistance, where the body’s cells don’t respond properly to insulin. This results in higher levels of insulin in the bloodstream, which may result in dark, velvety patches of skin on the lower part of the neck, armpits, groin or under the breasts. A bigger appetite and weight gain may be other signs.
Genetics
PCOS tends to run in families. If your mother or sister has PCOS, you are more likely to develop the condition yourself.

Diagnosis of PCOS

Medical history: To check your menstrual cycles, and any weight changes
Physical Exam: To look for signs like excess body hair or acne
Blood Tests: To check hormone levels, including androgens and insulin, to confirm a hormonal imbalance
Ultrasound: To check the appearance of your ovaries and the thickness of the lining of your uterus